ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the characteristics and correlations of vaginal flora in women with cervical lesions. Methods: A total of 132 women, including 41 women diagnosed with normal cervical (NC), 39 patients with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1), 37 patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2/3) and 15 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), who came from the gynecological clinic of Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University during January 2018 to June 2018, were enrolled in this study according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria strictly. The vaginal flora was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing technology. Co-occurrence network analysis was used to investigate the Spearman correlations between different genera of bacteria. Results: The dominant bacteria in NC, CIN 1 and CIN 2/3 groups were Lactobacillus [constituent ratios 79.4% (1 869 598/2 354 098), 63.6% (1 536 466/2 415 100) and 58.3% (1 342 896/2 301 536), respectively], while Peptophilus [20.4% (246 072/1 205 154) ] was the dominant bacteria in SCC group. With the aggravation of cervical lesions, the diversity of vaginal flora gradually increased (Shannon index: F=6.39, P=0.001; Simpson index: F=3.95, P=0.012). During the cervical lesion progress, the ratio of Lactobacillus gradually decreased, the ratio of other anaerobes such as Peptophilus, Sneathia, Prevotella and etc. gradually increased, and the differential bacteria (LDA score >3.5) gradually evolved from Lactobacillus to other anaerobes. The top 10 relative abundance bacteria, spearman correlation coefficient>0.4 and P<0.05 were selected. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that Prevotella, Peptophilus, Porphyrinomonas, Anaerococcus, Sneathia, Atopobium, Gardnerella and Streptococcus were positively correlated in different stages of cervical lesions, while Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with the above anaerobes. It was found that the relationship between vaginal floras in CIN 1 group was the most complex and only Peptophilus was significantly negatively correlated with Lactobacillus in SCC group. Conclusions: The increased diversity and changed correlations between vaginal floras are closely related to cervical lesions. Peptophilus is of great significance in the diagnosis, prediction and early warning of cervical carcinogenesis.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Vagina/microbiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Cervix Uteri , Lactobacillus/genetics , Papillomavirus InfectionsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution characteristics and risk factors of HPV infection in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)cohort in Shanxi Province.METHODS: From June to December 2014,40,000 married women under the age of 65 years in Shanxi were screened for cervical cancer,and the abnormal cervical fluid-based cytology(TCT)was excluded.Gland microscopy and histopathological examination were performed.Finally a total of 2304 women were included in the study.Questionnaires were used to collect demographic characteristics and factors related to cervical cancer,and HPV typing was performed by flow-through hybridization.RESULTS: Among the 2304 subjects,the HPV infection age range was 36-40 years old;the top 5 HPV infection rates were HPV16/58/52/53/51.The top 5 HPV infectionrates in CIN2 及 以 上 were HPV16/58/31/33/52. HPV single infection accounted for 23.13%,multiple infection accounted for 9.51%,and with the increase of cervical lesion,degree HPV single infection rate and multiple infection rate also increased.Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of HPV infection in those who were educated for ≤ 9 years was 1.236 times(95% CI 1.029-1.484)of those who were educated for >9 years;the risk of HPV infection in the women with non-menstrual use of pads was 1.328 times(95% CI 1.016～1.736)of menopausal women,the risk of HPV infection in non-menopausalwomen was 2.407 times of those without(95% CI 2.012-2.880).CONCLUSION:s The high-risk age of HPV infection in Shanxi is 36-40 years old;the most common type of HPV infection is HPV16/58/52/53/51;the most pathogenic type is HPV16,58,31,33,52,whose distribution characteristics are different from those of other areas;short-term education,non-menopause,and non-menstrual use of pads are high-risk factors for HPV infection.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of vaginal microbial metabolites and enzyme changes and high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)infection in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)and their interaction effects.METHODS: From June 2014 to December 2014,demographic characteristics and CIN-related factors and cervical liquid-based cytology(TCT)examination results were collected from 40 000 community-based populations from two regions of Shanxi Province by the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.Patients who meet the criteria for enrollment were further tested for vaginal microecology,HPV testing,and colposcopic and pathologic examination.A total of 782 cases with pathological diagnosis of CIN were chosen as the case group;1503 patients with normal pathological results were chosen as a control group.A multivariate logistic regression model was established to analyze the vaginal microbial metabolic enzymes cross-sectionally,then the association between vaginal microbial metabolic changes and CIN risk was evaluated.RESULTS: The expression of hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2),β-glucuronidase(GUS)and sialidase(SNA)was statistically correlated with CIN risk,and the odd ratios were 1.60(95% CI 1.30-1.96),1.58(95% CI 1.30-1.92),and 1.45(95% CI1.18-1.79),respectively.The expression of acetylglucosaminidase(NAG)and leukocyte esterase(LE)had no statistical association with CIN risk.Interaction analysis showed that there were positive multiplicative interactions among H2 O2,GUS,SNA and HR-HPV infections in the occurrence of CIN.CONCLUSION: Positive H2 O2,GUS,and SNA is associated with increased risk of CIN,and they have positive interaction with HR-HPV infection,which increases the risk of CIN.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) on cervical cancer and cervix precancerous lesion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>74 patients with cervix squamous cell carcinoma(SCC), 52 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasm I (CIN I), 60 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasm II - II (CIN II-III)and 58 patients with histologically diagnosed cervix inflammation(CI), were included in this study. Information as demography, reproductive history, life style, HPV infection were collected. Western Blot were used to detect the expression of DNMT1 protein and MeCP2 protein. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of DNMT1 and MeCP2 mRNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Levels of DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein expression increased gradually with the deterioration of cervical lesion (H = 94.33, P < 0.001;F = 21.580, P < 0.001). Along with the deterioration of cervical lesion, levels of DNMT1 and MeCP2 mRNA expression were gradually increasing( F = 4.758, P = 0.003; F = 7.804, P < 0.001). Data from Correlation analysis showed that both protein (r = 0.287, P < 0.001) and mRNA(r = 0.179, P = 0.005)were positive correlated with DNMT1 and MeCP2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>of our study indicated that there was an additive interaction between high-expression of DNMT1 protein and high-expression of MeCP2 protein in SCC or CIN II-III. However, there was an additive interaction between high-expression of DNMT1 mRNA and high-expression of MeCP2 mRNA in SCC or CIN II-III.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results from our study revealed the fact that both high expression of DNMT1 protein and high expression of MeCP2 protein could increase the risk of cervix cancerization. According to our findings, there might be a synergistic action existed between DNMT1 and MeCP2 during the progression of cervix cancelation.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Metabolism , Pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Metabolism , Pathology , Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 , Metabolism , O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of folate on the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and methyl-CpG-bingding protein 2 (MeCP2) in cervical cancer cell lines.Methods Experimental study was carried out in vitro.Human cervical cancer cell lines,including C33A cell with HPV negative and Caski cell with HPV16 positive,were treated with different concentration of folate.The expression of DNMT1 and MeCP2 protein (by Western blot)and mRNA (by real-time PCR) were then detected in the two cell lines.Results It was found that supplement of folate was able to reduce the cell proliferation in C33A cell (r=0.984,P＜0.001) and Caski cell (r=0.978,P=0.002),as well as induced the cell apoptosis (C33A:r=0.989,P＜0.001 ;Caski:r=0.994,P＜0.001).Results showed that the expression levels of DNMT1 protein (C33A:r=-0.914,P＜ 0.001 ; Caski:r=-0.859,P=0.003) and MeCP2 protein (C33A:r=-0.830,P=0.005 ;Caski:r=-0.981,P＜0.001) decreased gradually with the increase of folate concentrations,but the expression of DNMT1 and MeCP2 mRNA was not observed in Caski or C33A cell.When at the same levels of folate,the expression of DNMT1 protein or mRNA was higher in Caski cell than in C33A cell.However,the expression of MeCP2 protein or mRNA was higher in C33A cell than in Caski cell.Conclusion Our fimding indicated that adequate foleta could effectively inhibit the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and facilitate their apoptosis in vitro,thus would reverse the aberration protein expression of DNMTl and MeCP2.That there might be a synergistic action between HPV16 infection and parafunction of DNMT l in cervical cancer,being noticed.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. The hippocampi were dissected from aged rats which had been intraperitoneally administered lithium chloride (LiCl, 100 mg/kg) and then exposed to 1.4% isoflurane for 6 h. The expression of GSK-3β was detected by Western blotting. The mRNA and protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were measured by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Morris water maze was employed to detect spatial memory ability of rats. The results revealed that the level of GSK-3β was upregulated after isofurane exposure. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that isoflurane anesthesia increased mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, which was consistent with the ELISA results. However, these changes were reversed by prophylactic LiCl, a non-selective inhibitor of GSK-3β. Additionally, we discovered that LiCl alleviated isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats. Furthermore, the role of GSK-3β in isoflurae-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction was associated with acetylation of NF-κB p65 (Lys310). In conclusion, these results suggested that GSK-3β is associated with isoflurane-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and cognitive disorder in aged rats.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. The hippocampi were dissected from aged rats which had been intraperitoneally administered lithium chloride (LiCl, 100 mg/kg) and then exposed to 1.4% isoflurane for 6 h. The expression of GSK-3β was detected by Western blotting. The mRNA and protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were measured by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Morris water maze was employed to detect spatial memory ability of rats. The results revealed that the level of GSK-3β was upregulated after isofurane exposure. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that isoflurane anesthesia increased mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, which was consistent with the ELISA results. However, these changes were reversed by prophylactic LiCl, a non-selective inhibitor of GSK-3β. Additionally, we discovered that LiCl alleviated isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats. Furthermore, the role of GSK-3β in isoflurae-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction was associated with acetylation of NF-κB p65 (Lys310). In conclusion, these results suggested that GSK-3β is associated with isoflurane-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and cognitive disorder in aged rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cognition Disorders , Metabolism , Pathology , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 , Metabolism , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta , Inflammation , Metabolism , Pathology , Isoflurane , Neurons , Metabolism , Pathology , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the interaction of folate deficiency and aberration of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in the progression of cervix carcinogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All clinical samples were collected from 80 patients with cervix squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 105 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CINI, n = 52; CINII/III, n = 53) and 53 patients with cervix inflammation (CI). The participants were diagnosed by histology at Shanxi Province Tumor Hospital and Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University during the period of September 2009 to May 2010. Meanwhile, cervical cancer cell lines Caski and C33A were treated with different concentration of folate. Radioimmunoassay (RIA), Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to detect the levels of serum folate, the expression of DNMT1 protein and mRNA, respectively. The data were analyzed by Student t test, ANOVA, chi-square test and Spearman correlation using SPSS statistical package. The correlation strength between factors and cervical canceration was calculated by OR and 95%CI value. Interaction effect was evaluated by the application of additive effect model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of serum folate (median inter-quartile range) were (2.66 ± 1.82), (2.83 ± 2.23), (3.17 ± 1.91) and (3.21 ± 1.74) ng/ml, the levels of DNMT1 protein (x(-) ± s) were 2.28 ± 0.55, 1.84 ± 0.37, 1.33 ± 0.38 and 0.92 ± 0.29, the Ct-ratio (Ct value of DNMT1/Ct value of β-actin) of DNMT1 mRNA (x(-) ± s) were 1.26 ± 0.13, 1.27 ± 0.12, 1.27 ± 0.12 and 1.33 ± 0.11 in the group of SCC, CINII/III, CINIand CI, respectively. The results showed that the serum folate levels were descended, and the expression levels of DNMT1 protein (χ(2)(tend) = 50.80, P < 0.05) and mRNA (χ(2)(tend) = 17.63, P < 0.05) were increased steadily with the severity of the cervix lesions. Moreover, our results revealed that there was an additive interaction between folate deficiency and high-expression of DNMT1 protein related to the risk of CIN and SCC. And it showed that the relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (API) and synergy index(S) was 0.27, 0.14 and 1.40 in CINI group, 0.47, 0.19, 1.46 in CINII/III group, 1.60, 0.31, 1.61 in SCC group, respectively. It was found that folate was able to reduce the proliferation of Caski and C33A cells (r values were 0.954 and 0.969, all P values < 0.05), with 11.4% and 13.6% of growth inhibition at the concentration of 10 µg/ml, 64.8% and 49.4% at 1000 µg/ml in Caski and C33A cells, respectively. The result showed there was an inverse correlation between the levels of folate and DNMT1 protein (r values were -0.859 and -0.914, all P values < 0.05), with 1.96 and 1.92 of expression levels at the concentration of 10 µg/ml, and 1.60 and 1.38 at 1000 µg/ml in Caski and C33A cells, respectively. At folate concentration of 1000 µg/ml, the expression of DNMT1 protein or mRNA was higher in Caski cell than in C33A cell (t values were -4.22 and 3.50, all P values < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our finding indicated that the low levels of serum folate and high-expression of DNMT1 protein or mRNA seemed to be associated with high risk of cervical cancer and cervix precancerous lesion. Sufficient folate is able to effectively inhibit the growth of cervical cancer cells in vitro, and would counteract transcriptional and posttranscriptional aberration of DNMT1. It suggested that there might be a synergistic action between folate deficiency and aberration of DNMT1 in the progression of cervix carcinogenesis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Metabolism , Pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Metabolism , Pathology , DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 , DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases , Metabolism , Folic Acid , Blood , Folic Acid Deficiency , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of folic acid and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) on cervical cancer and cervix precancerous lesion. Methods 100 patients with cervix squamouscell carcinoma (SCC), 101 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) and 109 patients with cervix inflammation (CI) diagnosed by histology were included in this study. Radioimmunoassay (RIA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the levels of serum folate, HPV16 infection and the expression of DNMT1 protein,respectively. Results The average levels of serum folate were (2.60 ± 1.61) ng/ml, (3.14 + 2.08) ng/ml and (3.32+1.74) ng/ml,and the expression of DNMT1 protein were 2.40 + 0.99,1.88 + 0.33 and 0.89 ± 0.29 in the group of SCC, CIN and CI, respectively.The relationship of folate levels and DNMT1 protein expression showed inverse correlation (r=-0.186, P=0.00l). The results in our study indicated that there was an additive interaction between low-level of serum folate and high-expressionof DNMT1 protein related to the risk of CIN and SCC, with OR value as 2.50(95%C/: 1.21-9.22) and 6.03 (95%C/: 2.79-21.72) respectively. The relative excessrisk of interaction (RERI) , attributableproportion of interaction (API) and synergy index (S) were 0.92, 0.36 and 2.59 in the CIN group while 2.47, 0.41 and 1.96 in the SCC group. Conclusion The low level of serum folate and high expression of DNMT1 protein seemed to be associated with high risk of cervical cancer and its precancerous lesion. It suggested that there might be a synergistic action between serum folate and DNMT1 in the progression of cervix carcinogenesis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the possible association between RFC-1 polymorphism and cervix carcinoma.as well as the interaction between polymorphism and human papilloma virusl6(HPV16).Methods Based on a hospital-based case-control study.107 cases which were diagnosed as cervical cancer pathematologically and 107 controls with hysteromyoma,were selected by frequency,matched with age and habitation.HPV16 and RFC-1 A80G polymorphism were detected by special PCR and RFLP Results (1)HPV16 infection rate in CaseS(56.07%)Was higherthan that in controls(31.78%)with the adjusted OR with RFC-1 AA,RFC-1 GG had higher risk for cervical cancer with OR of2.42(95%CI:1.01-5.81).(4)No statistical significance was noticed regarding the interaction between RFC-l polymorphism and HPV16 in logistic regression method.Conclusion The introduction of RFC-1 80GG gene type could increase the risk of cervical cancer.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effect of cold stress on the energy metabolism in Yisha chickens.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Yisha chickens were subjected to acute (0.25, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h) and chronic (5, 10 and 20 d) cold stress (12 +/- 1 degrees C). This study detected uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA levels in gastrocnemius, glucagons (GLU) content in blood plasma and insulin (INS), blood glucose (BG) and free fatty acid (FFA) content in serum in the chicken.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results were as follow: with the time lapsing during acute cold stress, UCP mRNA levels gradually increased, the content of INS and FFA showed fluctuant change, GLU content gradually increased, and BG content first increased and then decreased. During chronic cold stress, UCP mRNA levels significantly increased compared with their control group at every stress time point, and the content of INS, GLU, BG and FFA were all gradually increased with the time lapsing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cold stress could change the energy metabolism in chickens. And the different extent cold stress would produce different effects on the energy metabolism.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Chickens , Cold Temperature , Energy Metabolism , Physiology , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified , Blood , Insulin , Blood , Ion Channels , Genetics , Metabolism , Mitochondrial Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , Stress, Physiological , Physiology , Uncoupling Protein 1ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the roles of expression and early protein E2 and E6 load of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) on cervical cancer in order to explore the relation between disruption of E2 and development of cervical cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted, including 141 cervical cancer patients as cases who had been diagnosed by cytological approaches and histological approaches in Shanxi province Tumor Hospital, China. Two type of controls including 137 hospital controls with hysteromyoma by cytology or histology and eligible 129 controls from 1582 healthy women in the community who took part in community-organized physical examination with neither CIN2-3 nor invasive cancer, nor other gynecologic diseases were recruited. HPV16 E2 and E6 oncogenes were detected by multiple polymerase chain reaction (multi-PCR). The levels of E2 and E6 were analyzed used Bio-1D+ + software provided by VILBER pattern formatter.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of HPV16 E6 in cancer cases (46.8%) were significantly higher than that in hysteromyoma group (24.1%) or healthy control group (2.3%) and accounted for 2.77 of OR (95% CI: 1.66-4.63) and 36.96 of OR(95% CI: 11.22-121.71) respectively. The expressions and loads of HPV16 E6 and E2 in cases were significantly higher than that in two control groups. Meanwhile, the expression or level of E6 was higher than that of E2 in each group. Disruption rate of E2 was 22.73% and the ratio of E6 to E2 was 1.24 in cervical cancer group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The positive rates and levels of HPV16 E6 or E2 found in cervical cancer were higher than that in hysteromyoma and healthy women. High expression of E6 and disruption of E2 might play an important role in the development of HPV-induced cervical cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Case-Control Studies , DNA, Viral , Genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins , Genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Viral , Human papillomavirus 16 , Genetics , Oncogene Proteins, Viral , Genetics , Papillomavirus Infections , Genetics , Virology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Repressor Proteins , Genetics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Genetics , VirologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between the levels of estrogen (E2) and progestogen (P), expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and cervical cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study with hospital and community controls was employed. The levels of serum estrogen and progesterone were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 141 cervical cancer cases, 137 uterine myoma patients as controls and 129 health women as controls. ER and PR were measured by immunohistochemistry sABC in cervix tissues from patients with cervical cancer and uterus myoma as well.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of estrogen (47.49 ng/mL) and progesterone (2.34 pg/mL) in cases were significantly higher than those in both control groups. The association between estrogen and cervical cancer was significant both before and after menopause-adjusted, with over 89% of attributable risk percentage (ARP), and showed a dose-response relation. Using the lowest value of 2 pg/ml in follicular phase as cut off point for progesterone, there were no statistically significant difference between cases and controls, and neither in progesterone nor in premenopausal. The expressions of ER and PR in cases were lower than those in controls, even after being menopause-adjusted.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The high level of endogenous estrogen and progestogen might increase the risk of cervical cancer. Compared with progestogen, estrogen showed a higher risk that was not influenced by menopause. In some sense, ER and PR may exert certain protective effect on progressing of cervical carcinogenesis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Estrogens , Blood , Immunohistochemistry , Leiomyoma , Blood , Metabolism , Postmenopause , Blood , Metabolism , Progesterone , Blood , Receptors, Estrogen , Receptors, Progesterone , Risk Factors , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Blood , Metabolism , Uterine Neoplasms , Blood , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the possible effects of folate on cervical carcinogenesis and the interaction of folate and human papillomaviruses 16 (HPV16).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. 111 hospitalized cases who were pathologically diagnosed of having cervical cancer and 111 controls identified with hysteromyoma that frequency-matched to cases on age, birth place and residential area. A 60-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were administered to estimate the consumption of dietary folate. HPV16 DNA in exfoliated cervical cell and serum folate were detected by special PCR and radioimmunoassay respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HPV16 infection rate in cases (61.26%) was significantly higher than that in controls (28.83%), with adjusted OR of 4.95(95% CI:2.49-9.83).The levels of dietary folate in cases (5.00 microg/kcal +/- 0.41 microg/kcal) were significantly lower than that in controls (5.14 microg/kcal +/- 0.35 microg/kcal), but the adjusted OR showing no statistical significance. However, serum folate in cases (1.79 ng/ml +/- 1.42 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that in controls(2.59 ng/ml +/- 2.81 ng/ml),and there were significantly increasing trend in the risk of cervical cancer with reducing level of serum folate (chi-squared trend test of P = 0.000). Meanwhile, low-level of serum folate and HPV16-infection showed significant interaction in the development of cervical cancer, with likelihood ratio test of G = 5.56, P = 0.02.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results indicated that low levels of folate might increase the risk of cervical cancer, and potential synergistic action might exist between low level of serum folate and HPV16 in the development of cervical cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Case-Control Studies , Diet , Folic Acid , Blood , Folic Acid Deficiency , Human papillomavirus 16 , Genetics , Papillomavirus Infections , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Blood , VirologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of estrogen (E(2)) and progesterone (P) on cervical cancer and the synergistic action between estrogen, progesterone and human papillomaviruses (HPV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hoted-start polymerase chain reaction (HS-PCR) was used to detect HPVs, HPV16 and ELISA was used to assay E(2) and P on 141 cases with cervical cancer and on 129 healthy controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive rates of HPVs and HPV16 were 75.2% and 46.8% respectively in cervical cancer group, significantly higher than that in controls. Levels of estrogen and progesterone in case group were significantly higher than that in controls and a dose-responded relationship between the levels of estrogen and cervical cancer was revealed. Estrogen and HPV showed an additive interaction in the development of cervical cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPV16 infection played a principal role in the development of cervical cancer. The high levels of entogenous estrogen could increase the risk of cervical cancer and might serve as a cofactor in the development of HPV-induced cervical cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , China , Epidemiology , DNA, Viral , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Estrogens , Blood , Human papillomavirus 16 , Papillomavirus Infections , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Progesterone , Blood , Risk Factors , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Blood , Epidemiology , VirologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the correlation between acute rejection episodes and expression of regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) gene following kidney transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 76 kidney biopsies (episode biopsy) were performed on both 57 patients with allograft dysfunction following transplantation and 19 patients without rejection, and the latter were served as controls. All acute rejections were confirmed by histological examination. The expressions of RANTES and MIP-1 alpha mRNA in all samples were assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-eight (66.7%) of 57 cases with acute rejection had strong expression of RANTES, and 41 (72%) had expression of MIP-1 alpha. Only four (21%) of 19 controls had mild expression of RANTES, and 5 (26%) had expression of MIP-1 alpha, which evoked a statistical significance (P < 0.001) when compared with those with acute rejections.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expressions of chemokines RANTES and MIP-1 alpha are important in the process of immune reaction in the rejection of transplanted kidney, which may imply a potential way for early diagnosis and treatment of acute rejection after further research.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Disease , Biomarkers , Biopsy , Chemokine CCL4 , Chemokine CCL5 , Genetics , Graft Rejection , Metabolism , Pathology , Kidney , Metabolism , Pathology , Kidney Transplantation , Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins , Genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Objective To determine if there is any difference in neuronal and glial(astrocytic and microglial)activation in the spinal cord in three rat models of neuropathic pain.Methods Twenty-four SD rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=6 each):Ⅰ control group;Ⅱ chronic constrictive injury group(CCI);Ⅲ spinal nerve ligation group(SNL)and Ⅳ spared nerve injury(SNI).No operation was performed in control group.In CCI group left sciatic nerve was exposed and loosely ligated with catgut.In SNL group the L_5 spinal nerve was exposed and ligated with silk suture and cut.In SNI group tibial nerve and common fibular nerve were ligated and cut.Pain threshold was measured using plantar tactile stimulator(Ugo,Basile Co. Italy)every other day from 3 days before until 15 days after operation.50% paw withdrawal threshold was measured using up-and-down sequential mechanical stimulation of different intensity(0.45,0.70,1.20,2.00, 3.63,5.50,8.50,15.10 g)applied to the plantar surface of the injured paw.On the 15~(th) day after operation after pain threshold was measured the animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 400 mg? kg~(-1).The L_(5,6) segment of the spinal cord was isolated.Neuronal,astrocytic and microglial activation was determined by immuno-histochemistry with antibodies of c-Fos(a proto-oncogene protein),GFAP(an astrocyte marker)and OX-42(a microglial marker).Results The 50% paw withdrawal threshold reached the lowest level on the 7~(th) day after operation.The lowest level was maintained until the 15~(th) day after operation in group CCI,SNL and SNI.The 50 % paw withdrawal threshold was(14.1+1.5)g in control group,(2.5+0.5)g in CCI group, (1.5?0.6)g in group SNL and(0.8?0.4)g in group SNI.The number of c-Fos positive neurons in laminae Ⅳ-Ⅵ of dorsal horn was significantly greater in group CCI,SNL and SNI than in control group,but there was no significant difference among the 3 peripheral nerve injury groups.The activation of astrocytes and microglias in laminae Ⅰ-Ⅳ of dorsal horn was significantly increased in group CCI,SNL and SNI than in control group but there was no significant difference among the 3 peripheral nerve injury groups.Condusion There is no significant difference in activation of neurons and astrocytes and microglias in the ipsilateral dorsal horn among the 3 pain models.